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The intriguing properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) enable the exploration of new electronic device architectures, particularly the emerging memristive devices for in-memory computing applications. Implementation of arithmetic logic operations taking advantage of the non-linear characteristics of memristor can significantly improve the energy efficiency and simplify the complexity of peripheral circuits. Herein, we demonstrate an arithmetic logic unit function using a lateral volatile memristor based on layered 2D tungsten disulfide (WS2) materials and some combinational logic circuits. Removable oxygen ions were introduced into WS2 materials through oxygen plasma treatment process. The resistive switching of the memristive device caused by the thermophoresis-assisted oxygen ions migration has also been revealed. Based on the characteristics of excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), and spike rate dependent plasticity (SRDP), a real-time numerical system convertor was successfully accomplished, which is a significant computing function of arithmetic logic unit. This work paves a new way for developing 2D memristive devices for future arithmetic logic applications.
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Humans and animals are capable of estimating and discriminating nonsymbolic numerosities via mental representation of magnitudes-the approximate number system (ANS). There are two models of the ANS system, which are similar in their prediction in numerosity discrimination tasks. The log-Gaussian model, which assumes numerosities are represented on a compressed logarithmic scale, and the scalar variability model, which assumes numerosities are represented on a linear scale. In the first experiment of this paper, we contrasted these models using averaging of numerosities. We examined whether participants generate a compressed mean (i.e., geometric mean) or a linear mean when averaging two numerosities. Our results demonstrated that half of the participants are linear and half are compressed; however, in general, the compression is milder than a logarithmic compression. In Experiments 2 and 3, we examined averaging of numerosities in sequences larger than two. We found that averaging precision increases with sequence length. These results are in line with previous findings, suggesting a mechanism in which the estimate is generated by population averaging of the responses each stimulus generates on the numerosity representation.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , PsicometriaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Absent today is a simple numerical system of outcomes assessment that recognizes that bariatric surgery is metabolic surgery and incorporates weight loss, hypertension control, and type 2 diabetes control. AIM: To introduce a simple, new Numerical Scale to Assess the Outcomes of Metabolic Surgery (NOMS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the stratification of weight outcomes, we used the percentage excess weight loss (%EWL); for hypertension, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) combined with medication usage; and for type 2 diabetes, the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) value combined with medication usage. RESULTS: Utilizing the guidelines of the American Diabetes Association, the Working Group of the European Society of Hypertension, the European Society of Cardiology, and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, we propose for %EWL: W1 ≥ 50, W2 > 25 and < 50, and W3 ≤ 25; for hypertension H1 SBP/DPB < 140/90 mm Hg on no medication, H2 SBP/DBP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg with improvement of SBP or possible reduction of antihypertensive medication, and H3 no change or SBP higher than before surgery; for diabetes mellitus D1 HbA1c ≤ 7% and no medication, D2 HbA1c > 7% with a decrease of the HbA1c level or possible reduction of medication, D3 no change in HbA1c or HbA1c higher than before surgery. Designations of H0 and D0 are given if hypertension or diabetes was not present before surgery. Patient examples for numerical scores are provided. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of our numerical scale (NOMS) can be of benefit in metabolic/bariatric outcomes assessment; communications among metabolic/bariatric surgery centers, physicians, and patients; and for more precise reporting in the evidence-based literature.
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Esta investigación explora la relación entre la comprensión del valor de posición y el proceso de transcodificación numérica del formato verbal hablado al formato arábigo. Participaron 22 niños del grado primero de primaria de un colegio privado de Cali. Se presentó una tarea de dictado de numerales y tres tareas de comprensión del valor de posición. Se realizó un análisis del logro en función del acierto y el error y un análisis correlacional entre las tareas de valor de posición y la tarea de transcodificación numérica. Adicionalmente, se realizó un análisis de redes de vínculos. Se encontraron diferencias en el desempeño de los niños entre la tarea de dictado y las tareas de comprensión del valor de posición, señalando que no es necesaria la comprensión del valor de posición para la escritura de numerales a partir del dictado.
This research explores the relationship between the understanding of place value and the numeral transcoding process from verbal speech to Arabic format. The study involved 22 first grade children at a private school in downtown Cali, who performed one numeral dictation task and three understanding place value tasks. We performed an achievement analysis of tasks and a correlational analysis that values the relationship between the tasks of understanding place value and number transcoding. Additionally, we performed an analysis of the network of links. The performance of the children at completing tasks of dictation, and their performance at completing the tasks of understanding positive value yielded results that differed significantly from each other. It was found that the success in the number transcoding process did not necessarily reflect an equally successful outcome of the tasks of understanding place value.
